Website migrations are high-stakes. Done well, a migration preserves your search rankings and sets you up for growth. Done poorly, it can erase years of organic traffic in a matter of days — and recovering from a botched migration often takes 6–12 months.
The migrations that go wrong almost always share the same root cause: insufficient preparation. Teams focus on the new design and content, and treat SEO as a last-minute checklist item. By the time someone realizes that hundreds of URLs have changed without redirects, the damage is done.
This checklist is designed to prevent that. It covers every phase of a migration — from initial planning through post-launch monitoring — with specific, actionable steps.
Phase 1: Pre-migration audit (2–4 weeks before)
Crawl your existing site completely
Before changing anything, you need a complete inventory of what you have. Run a full crawl of your current site and export everything: URLs, titles, meta descriptions, status codes, internal links, inbound link counts, and crawl depth.
This crawl becomes your baseline. You'll compare everything against it after the migration to catch issues.
Build your content inventory
From your crawl data, build a spreadsheet of every URL on the current site. For each URL, document:
- Current URL path
- Page title and meta description
- Whether the page has inbound backlinks (check Google Search Console)
- Whether the page receives organic traffic (check Google Analytics)
- Whether the page will exist on the new site, and if so, its new URL
Pages with backlinks and organic traffic are your highest-priority items. These must have correct redirects. A content audit helps you decide which pages to keep, merge, or retire.
Create your redirect map
For every URL that's changing, document the old URL and the new URL it should redirect to. This is your redirect map — the single most critical document in any migration.
Rules for redirect mapping:
- Use 301 (permanent) redirects, not 302 (temporary).
- Map every old URL to the most relevant new URL — not just the homepage.
- If a page is being removed with no equivalent, redirect it to the closest parent or category page.
- Don't chain redirects (A → B → C). Every old URL should point directly to its final destination.
Benchmark your current performance
Record your baseline metrics before the migration: organic traffic by page, keyword rankings for your top 50 terms, Core Web Vitals scores, indexed page count in Google Search Console, and crawl stats. You'll compare against these after launch.
Phase 2: Staging validation (1–2 weeks before)
Crawl the staging site
Set up the new site on a staging URL and crawl it thoroughly. Compare the staging crawl against your baseline crawl. Look for:
- Missing pages that should exist on the new site
- Broken internal links
- Missing or changed meta titles and descriptions
- Pages returning 404 or 500 errors
- Changes in information architecture and site depth
Test your redirects
Implement your redirect map on staging and test every redirect. A single typo in a redirect rule can send traffic to a 404 page. Automated testing is essential here — you can't manually verify hundreds of redirects.
Validate technical SEO elements
Confirm that the new site has:
- An XML sitemap with all new URLs
- A robots.txt file that doesn't accidentally block important sections
- Correct canonical tags on every page
- Structured data (JSON-LD) carried over or improved
- Proper hreflang tags if you serve multiple languages
Phase 3: Launch day
Implement redirects on production
Deploy your redirect map to the production server. This should happen simultaneously with the DNS cutover or new site deployment.
Submit the new sitemap
In Google Search Console, submit your updated XML sitemap immediately after launch. This tells Google to crawl your new URL structure promptly.
Request indexing for priority pages
Use Google Search Console's URL Inspection tool to request indexing for your 10–20 most important pages. This accelerates the re-indexing process for your highest-value content.
Phase 4: Post-launch monitoring (1–8 weeks after)
Crawl the live site immediately
Within 24 hours of launch, run a full crawl of the live site. Compare it against both your baseline crawl and your staging crawl. Look for:
- 404 errors (especially on pages that had organic traffic)
- Redirect loops or chains
- Missing pages from the sitemap
- Internal links pointing to old URLs instead of new ones
- Orphaned pages that lost their inbound links during migration
Monitor Search Console daily
For the first two weeks, check Search Console daily. Watch for:
- Spikes in crawl errors
- Drops in indexed page count
- Coverage issues (pages excluded from indexing)
- Significant changes in click-through rates
Track rankings and traffic weekly
Compare organic traffic and keyword rankings against your pre-migration benchmarks. Some fluctuation is normal in the first 2–4 weeks as Google re-processes your site. Significant drops lasting more than 3 weeks indicate a problem that needs investigation.
Common migration mistakes
Forgetting to redirect non-www to www (or vice versa). If your old site used www.example.com and your new site uses example.com, you need redirects for both the URL changes and the domain change.
Blocking the new site with robots.txt. Staging sites often have robots.txt rules that block all crawlers. If these carry over to production, your entire site becomes invisible to search engines.
Losing internal links. Content management systems sometimes rewrite internal links during migration. Crawl the new site and verify that internal links point to correct, live URLs.
Not monitoring long enough. The full impact of a migration can take 8–12 weeks to materialize. Don't declare victory after one week of stable traffic.
Tools for migration SEO
A website crawler is non-negotiable for migrations. You need to crawl before, during staging, and after launch — and compare the results at each stage. IATO's comparison features let you diff two crawls side by side, highlighting new 404s, changed URLs, and structural differences. Combined with our visual sitemap builder, you can see exactly how your site's architecture changed and catch issues before they impact rankings.
Migrations don't have to be traumatic. With thorough preparation and systematic post-launch monitoring, you can preserve your search equity and come out stronger on the other side.